Which of the following is NOT one of the four pillars of food security?

• A. Availability
• B. Access
• C. Stability
• D. Nutrition

Answer: (D)

The essence being tested is understanding the four pillars that define food security. Those pillars are availability, access, utilization, and stability. Specifically, availability means there is enough food produced or imported for a population; access means people have the resources to obtain that food, including income and prices; utilization is about how well the body can use the food it gets, which involves safe water, sanitation, diverse and nutritious diets, and overall health; and stability means that food security is resilient over time, not just in good or bad seasons or in the short term.

Nutrition is not listed as one of the pillars because it’s an outcome linked to utilization. It reflects how well the population absorbs and benefits from the food they consume, rather than a separate dimension of the food supply system. So, nutrition sits under utilization as the health and nutrient status result of proper food use, rather than standing as an independent pillar.